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    • 1 hour, 49 minutes ago
      Derek West likes your comment at
      Do you know how to test for ketones? Please share more in the comments.
      I test when I have unexpected, or stubbornly high blood glucose that just won't go down. I also test when I feel sick. Testing, for me, involves putting urine on a strip, either by peeing directly or dipping the strip into urine. I may use about 2 or 3 strips in a year. When I test positive, I increase my insulin dosage to a "sick day" level, which can be anywhere from 125% dosage to 400%. I usually start with small increases in dosage, and work my way up until my blood glucose levels even out.
    • 6 hours, 24 minutes ago
      Marty likes your comment at
      Do you know how to test for ketones? Please share more in the comments.
      I test when I have unexpected, or stubbornly high blood glucose that just won't go down. I also test when I feel sick. Testing, for me, involves putting urine on a strip, either by peeing directly or dipping the strip into urine. I may use about 2 or 3 strips in a year. When I test positive, I increase my insulin dosage to a "sick day" level, which can be anywhere from 125% dosage to 400%. I usually start with small increases in dosage, and work my way up until my blood glucose levels even out.
    • 6 hours, 24 minutes ago
      Marty likes your comment at
      Do you know how to test for ketones? Please share more in the comments.
      I have a blood ketone monitor. It works just like a glucometer.
    • 8 hours, 13 minutes ago
      Kathy Hanavan likes your comment at
      Do you know how to test for ketones? Please share more in the comments.
      Perhaps only the poets who love alliteration could love the phrase, “killer ketones.” The ungodly pain experienced is your body eating and devouring itself. 🥵 Ketones are relentless killers. Do not give the bad guys a chance.
    • 8 hours, 19 minutes ago
      atr likes your comment at
      Do you know how to test for ketones? Please share more in the comments.
      I test when I have unexpected, or stubbornly high blood glucose that just won't go down. I also test when I feel sick. Testing, for me, involves putting urine on a strip, either by peeing directly or dipping the strip into urine. I may use about 2 or 3 strips in a year. When I test positive, I increase my insulin dosage to a "sick day" level, which can be anywhere from 125% dosage to 400%. I usually start with small increases in dosage, and work my way up until my blood glucose levels even out.
    • 8 hours, 55 minutes ago
      Judith Halterman likes your comment at
      Do you know how to test for ketones? Please share more in the comments.
      Perhaps only the poets who love alliteration could love the phrase, “killer ketones.” The ungodly pain experienced is your body eating and devouring itself. 🥵 Ketones are relentless killers. Do not give the bad guys a chance.
    • 1 day, 2 hours ago
      Anthony Harder likes your comment at
      Do you have ketone testing strips?
      Hi, Marty. Does your specialist have a source for that claim? It makes little sense that ketones would rise faster than BG since the metabolic pathway is much slower. If there's a source, however, I'd look further into the claim. FWIW, I've been a Type 1 for over 50 years; I can't remember the last time I tested for ketones. I possess no ketone testing strips.
    • 2 days, 5 hours ago
      Marty likes your comment at
      Does your insurance cover injectable glucagon, nasal glucagon, or both?
      Covers it with co pay
    • 2 days, 7 hours ago
      atr likes your comment at
      Does your insurance cover injectable glucagon, nasal glucagon, or both?
      It covers both. I prefer to have the the nasal version as I think it would be easier for someone else to administer.
    • 2 days, 8 hours ago
      Lawrence S. likes your comment at
      Do you have a non-expired glucagon prescription?
      I’ve been T1D for 60 years. As a child my mother didn’t like needles or injections so she just fed me when low. In college, explained use to dorm mates and classmates would’ve been a waste of time. Now married, my wife assumed the role of my mother and doesn’t like using needles on me either. I don’t have glucagon.
    • 2 days, 8 hours ago
      Lawrence S. likes your comment at
      Do you have a non-expired glucagon prescription?
      Yes, always have one or two nasal glucagon kits (Baqsimi) at home in easy to reach locations (ie at bedside and special container in living area) and always keep one with me when I go out ( along with glucose tabs or other simple carbs for treating LBS.). I apparently required injectable glucagon several times as a child and needed injectable glucagon only twice as an adult, both more than 15 years ago . More recently I needed my husband to give me Baqsimi after eating a difficult to dose for, high fat meal. The experience was terrifying so I don’t go anywhere without it now.
    • 2 days, 8 hours ago
      Lawrence S. likes your comment at
      Do you have a non-expired glucagon prescription?
      I actually have 2 non-expired prescriptions. One for Baqsimi and one for Gvoke. I have not filled either of them because they’re $500-600 each.
    • 2 days, 8 hours ago
      Lawrence S. likes your comment at
      Does your insurance cover injectable glucagon, nasal glucagon, or both?
      My Medicare Part D essentially doesn't cover glucagon when any form is nearly $500!
    • 2 days, 23 hours ago
      Amanda Barras likes your comment at
      Do you have a non-expired glucagon prescription?
      Same here. Been as low as 19 (struggling with a vacuum cleaner bag and refused to let it win) but was still able to swallow food. I did used the “red needle” as my husband refers to it once when I went low but was scheduled for surgery and couldn’t eat or drink anything. Only once in 26 years. Fortunate.
    • 3 days, 18 hours ago
      Karen Newe likes your comment at
      Share some of your favorite T1D-related books in the comments:
      Marcus Aurelius Meditations for the benefits of stoicism. Dante’s Inferno for the nine levels of diabetic hell. Kristen Lavransdatter for the benefits of suffering. And best of all, Cervantes Don Quixote for the absurdity of tilting at so many worthless windmills of frenzied diabetic activity.
    • 4 days, 6 hours ago
      Natalie Daley likes your comment at
      Share some of your favorite T1D-related books in the comments:
      Marcus Aurelius Meditations for the benefits of stoicism. Dante’s Inferno for the nine levels of diabetic hell. Kristen Lavransdatter for the benefits of suffering. And best of all, Cervantes Don Quixote for the absurdity of tilting at so many worthless windmills of frenzied diabetic activity.
    • 4 days, 7 hours ago
      atr likes your comment at
      Share some of your favorite T1D-related books in the comments:
      Marcus Aurelius Meditations for the benefits of stoicism. Dante’s Inferno for the nine levels of diabetic hell. Kristen Lavransdatter for the benefits of suffering. And best of all, Cervantes Don Quixote for the absurdity of tilting at so many worthless windmills of frenzied diabetic activity.
    • 4 days, 8 hours ago
      Lawrence S. likes your comment at
      Share some of your favorite T1D-related podcasts in the comments:
      I don't do T1 podcasts.
    • 4 days, 8 hours ago
      Lawrence S. likes your comment at
      Share some of your favorite T1D-related books in the comments:
      Marcus Aurelius Meditations for the benefits of stoicism. Dante’s Inferno for the nine levels of diabetic hell. Kristen Lavransdatter for the benefits of suffering. And best of all, Cervantes Don Quixote for the absurdity of tilting at so many worthless windmills of frenzied diabetic activity.
    • 4 days, 9 hours ago
      Gary Taylor likes your comment at
      Share some of your favorite T1D-related books in the comments:
      Marcus Aurelius Meditations for the benefits of stoicism. Dante’s Inferno for the nine levels of diabetic hell. Kristen Lavransdatter for the benefits of suffering. And best of all, Cervantes Don Quixote for the absurdity of tilting at so many worthless windmills of frenzied diabetic activity.
    • 4 days, 20 hours ago
      Amanda Barras likes your comment at
      Which T1D influencers do you enjoy following?
      Currently it’s the Diabetech, Justin Easter.
    • 5 days, 5 hours ago
      ChrisW likes your comment at
      Share some of your favorite T1D-related podcasts in the comments:
      I don't do T1 podcasts.
    • 5 days, 5 hours ago
      Kathy Hanavan likes your comment at
      Share some of your favorite T1D-related podcasts in the comments:
      TCOYD Diabetes Nerd Your Best T1D Year Think Like a Pancreas
    • 5 days, 5 hours ago
      Kathy Hanavan likes your comment at
      Share some of your favorite T1D-related podcasts in the comments:
      Take Control of Your Diabetes
    • 5 days, 7 hours ago
      Marty likes your comment at
      Share some of your favorite T1D-related podcasts in the comments:
      Take Control of Your Diabetes
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    How much do you think your immediate family members know about T1D? Select all of the statements that you think are true for you.

    Home > LC Polls > How much do you think your immediate family members know about T1D? Select all of the statements that you think are true for you.
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    Happy New Year! Do you have any diabetes-related goals for 2023? Tell us in the comments!

    Sarah Howard

    Sarah Howard has worked in the diabetes research field ever since she was diagnosed with T1D while in college in May 2013. Since then, she has worked for various diabetes organizations, focusing on research, advocacy, and community-building efforts for people with T1D and their loved ones. Sarah is currently the Senior Marketing Manager at T1D Exchange.

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    " At T1D Exchange, we’re proud to announce our Medical and Research Advisory Team — an accomplished group of leaders in endocrinology, research, and quality improvement. Together, they are redefining what’s possible in type 1 diabetes (T1D) care through rigorous data analysis, innovative research approaches, and real-world implementation. Their collective expertise is central to our mission of improving outcomes for all people living with T1D.  “We’re excited to be working with our advisors given their deep expertise across a broad range of areas in T1D,” said Dave Walton, CEO of T1D Exchange. “Their involvement magnifies our reach, knowledge, and impact. These advisors are shaping the future of diabetes care — driving innovation across research, clinical practice, and quality improvement.”    Meet the Medical & Research Advisory Team  The T1D Exchange Medical and Research Advisory Team brings together four leading endocrinologists, each offering a unique perspective and shared commitment to advancing T1D care:    Jenise Wong, MD, PhD Pediatric endocrinologist at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital and Professor of Pediatrics in the Division of Endocrinology at the University of California, San Francisco Focus areas: Diabetes technology adoption and usability; health equity and access to care and technology; community-based and peer-support interventions; culturally responsive care          Jennifer Sherr, MD, PhD Pediatric endocrinologist at Yale Medicine and Professor of Pediatrics in the Division of Endocrinology at Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut Focus areas: Clinical trials in diabetes technology (CGM and AID systems), disease-modifying treatments and immunotherapies, and emerging technologies and medications, including continuous ketone monitoring and nasal glucagon     Viral Shah, MD Adult endocrinologist at Indiana University Health and Professor of Medicine in the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis, Indiana Focus areas: Diabetes technology and adjunctive therapy trials; translational and data-driven research; T1D complications and bone health         Nestoras Mathioudakis, MD, MHS Adult endocrinologist at Johns Hopkins Medicine and Associate Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland Focus areas: AI-driven clinical support tools; EMR-based data analytics for clinical decision making; data-driven quality improvement; health equity in T1D care        This accomplished team’s expertise spans adult and pediatric endocrinology, research, and quality improvement affiliated with leading institutions nationwide. Collectively, they have authored over 500 diabetes publications and secured research funding from organizations such as the National Institutes of Health, Helmsley Charitable Trust, the American Diabetes Association, and Breakthrough T1D — while remaining actively engaged in both clinical care and research.  “These individuals represent an impressive body of work while remaining deeply involved in the day-to-day realities of diabetes care,” said Walton. Their expertise covers the full spectrum of T1D care — from AI and predictive analytics to complication prevention, automated insulin delivery, continuous glucose and ketone monitoring, GLP-1 treatments, health equity, mental health, autoantibody screening, and disease prevention.    Turning insight into impact  The team’s work goes beyond research, focusing on translating insights into real-world practice. By leveraging data to scale best practices, the goal is to drive meaningful, measurable change across clinics and communities.  “Our advisors will help to extend our impact — whether through QI strategy, research innovation, funding opportunities, or new data-driven solutions,” said Walton. “We want to take what’s working at individual centers and spread that as broadly as possible.”   He added, “As a Collaborative, we’re also focused on advanced population health strategies such as exploring predictive data models to identify risks earlier and intervene before complications even begin to happen.”    The power of the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative  Central to this work is the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative (T1DX-QI) — a nationwide network of clinics working together to improve care through shared data, benchmarking, and evidence-based practices.  “I’m thrilled to serve as a Medical Advisor for T1D Exchange, because I’ve seen firsthand the impact this network can have on patient care,” said Dr. Nestoras Mathioudakis. “T1D Exchange is the premier organization for quality improvement in type 1 diabetes, with unparalleled assets like a large EHR database and robust patient registry.”  He added that he is excited to apply his expertise in EHR research and big data analytics to generate real-world evidence across diagnosis, management, and outcomes.  Dr. Viral Shah echoed that perspective, reflecting on T1DX-QI's evolution: “I have been involved with T1D Exchange since its early days and have had the privilege of witnessing how it has transformed the quality of diabetes care across the United States. I’m delighted to return as a Medical Advisor.”  He emphasized the importance of accelerating impact. “I look forward to working closely with the team to accelerate the evidence generation and to help translate these insights to improve patient care.”   Dr. Jenise Wong highlighted the visible impact of T1DX-QI on the delivery of care. "I’m truly honored and grateful to be working with T1D Exchange as a Medical Advisor. 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    28 Comments

    1. Ahh Life

      Many know the general terms and conditions of the diabetic contract; but few really understand the Medusa nest of challenges that may dangle down in front of your face at any moment. 〰️♾️

      11
      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    2. Richard Vaughn

      My wife was excellent with my diabetes care 1964-2019, but she now has Alzheimer’s and she has forgotten so much. We still have a wonderful marriage, but my diabetes management is all my responsibility now.

      5
      3 years ago Log in to Reply
      1. Ernie Richmann

        Sorry to hear about your wife. My dad had Alzheimers and my sister is in the last stages.

        3
        3 years ago Log in to Reply
      2. Wanacure

        When my mother’s father became absent-minded, he was diagnosed as having “hardening of the arteries.” When my mother slowly became less aware, it was called incorrectly “Alzheimer’s.” But Alzheimer’s could only be diagnosed accurately by autopsy. I found great comfort and guilt-abatement joining an “Alzheimer’s” support group, despite realizing “dementia,” and “progressive memory loss” were more accurate. The support group: friends and relatives of “Alzheimer’s” patients, and a woman and her husband; he knew he was slowly losing memory. The couple wanted to emotionally and practically prepare. An official from the Stste Alzheimer’s Society

        1
        3 years ago Log in to Reply
    3. Lyn McQuaid

      My father had T1D before me so my immediate family has had two generations to get used to learn about it.

      1
      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    4. Lawrence S.

      I answered “I don’t know.” I am one of seven siblings. My wife has a fairly good understanding. She knows what a low blood sugar is, and how to treat it. I don’t spend large amounts of time with my brothers and sisters. I don’t believe most of them understand the difference between taking insulin versus eating food when needed. I imagine it varies from person to person. But, if they don’t live with it, they don’t know the disease or it’s treatments.

      5
      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    5. Janice B

      I wish more if my family was interested in understanding what T1D is but alas they are not. After almost 30 years I have resigned myself to go it alone and to make sure I never have a low blood sugar around anyone as they would probably kill me.

      5
      3 years ago Log in to Reply
      1. mojoseje

        This made me chuckle, though we both know it isn’t funny. I’ve had T1 for 53 years. I once had a low bg at work that was so bad that I was wandering around and no one would help me, even though they all knew I had diabetes. Finally, someone from another department realized what was happening and gave me a piece of candy. After that, I printed out a page of instructions so that if it was to ever happen again, they’d know what to do. They all looked at me as if to say, “whatever, that’s YOU’RE problem.” I knew I was on my own after that.

        2
        3 years ago Log in to Reply
    6. Trina Blake

      I was 30 years old when Dx’d with T1D, so most of the mgt etc has been my job alone. My older brother was aware of it, and how serious it is – I was found in a coma from DKA when I got the correct Dx, and my parents were visiting his family when they got the call from the neighbor who found me. Eventually my brother learned more – his son’s partner has T1D and they spend lots of time together. Overall, they know the basics, they know what my devices do etc. But I still get the blame game when a “rogue number” causes problems. Then they are as clueless as (sadly) too many health care providers. You know, “what did you eat?” “Did you forget to eat?” those sorts of acusations.

      3
      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    7. Linda Zottoli

      I remember being blown away at the understanding, reading my then 12-year-old sister’s diary page from 1955, 50 years later, to see that she had written that I was in the hospital to get my insulin dosages calibrated to my diet. The page had been dug out to send to Joslin as proof of my then 50 (now almost 68) years of diabetes.

      But my current balancing acts, trying to keep in range, really intimidates my husband, even though he understands the basic principles. He’s really hoping to never actually have to be responsible for it.

      3
      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    8. Natalie Daley

      My 86 year old husband has mild dementia. He was never any help before, but I am now the caretaker for everything including his meds. My daughter lives nearby, but I would never ask for rescue help, I’m in my own . I’m extremely careful, but I have been sick for the last week, which has played havoc with my BGs. She is on vacation 2,000 miles away. I’m getting better, but very slowly.

      2
      3 years ago Log in to Reply
      1. Tom Caesar

        Best of luck Natalie, you’ve got a lot to deal with!
        Hoping the new year brings improvements for you.

        3
        3 years ago Log in to Reply
      2. L. E. Moskovitz

        I am dealing with that as well and am fearful as a T1D with another invisible “Challenge” as well, what the future may challenges will be??? 🙁

        3 years ago Log in to Reply
    9. KSannie

      I was diagnosed after I left home to go to college. I had never heard of diabetes before that. But now, my siblings and kids all know all about diabetes and diabetes devices. All but one of them has worked with medical devices in their work. (One is a doctor, one ran a medical company, one does biomedical device research and one is in computer programming.) My husband only knows all about it because he has known me since 6 months after I was diagnosed 53 years ago, and has been with me through the evolution of insulin, injections, pumps and CGM’s.

      2
      3 years ago Log in to Reply
      1. L. E. Moskovitz

        I had a similar goal yet schooling escaped. I did thesis work on a glucometer that would be solar powered in the 1980s.

        3 years ago Log in to Reply
    10. cynthia jaworski

      My husband and adult son are both very well informed, and instantly understand when I need to take some kind of action, usually eating. Equally valuable to me is the fact that they do not nag or attempt to manage me.

      I was diagnosed at 10 and was lucky enough to have a mother who was a RN. My parents felt that I was old enough to be the primary actor in my care from the very beginning. When I finally was seen by an endocrinologist, he ere encouraged them to encourage me to do normal kid things. That made it necessary to have as much self-management as possible, so that I could go camping, swimming, etc and be confident of recognizing and treating a low. Truly, I never had any problems. I think my parents informed parents of my friends of my situation and reassured them that everything was under control. As I said, I was very lucky.
      To be fair, management in the 1960s was much simpler than now. I took my single dose of NPH in the morning, followed my ADA exchange list, and carried supplies of snacks. we all understood that the urine tests were not to be trusted.

      5
      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    11. Janis Senungetuk

      My spouse knows basics about T1D and my daughter, but she lives far away. The actual details of pump and CGM use are all mine to deal with.

      3
      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    12. gary rind

      Diagnosed as an adult and live on my own so it’s up to the three of us to figure things out – me, myself and I!

      1
      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    13. Pauline M Reynolds

      There is only one member of my immediate family that does not have some kind of diabetes, and I live with her. So, we’re pretty much in the know.

      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    14. Liz Avery

      Cynthia Jaw And I share much the same story. My Aunt was the RN in mine. For me my husband has become more involved in my care in the last five years, and we are working through how he helps. Both adult sons are aware of the basics and how to treat a low.

      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    15. Wanacure

      Last line of Reply to Richard should be, “An official from State Chapter Alzheimer’s Society facilitated the group.”
      I answered the question at the time my parents and brother were alive and I had been diagnosed. I got their loving support.

      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    16. AnitaS

      I marked most on each subject (What T-1D is, insulin lowers glucose, and knowledge of my devices). However, would they say Type-1 is an autoimmune disease? I doubt it. And they know one of my devices gives insulin and one of them measures the glucose level. But I think they would not know that the CGM measures glucose in the interstitial fluid and not actually blood glucose. I think the only one subject they would all really know is that insulin lowers blood sugar.

      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    17. Steven Gill

      Being single made a lifestyle of self care but… I have a younger brother (in moderate good control) TYPE 1 and one TYPE 2. I’m in my “retirement home,” (an apartment off my brother’s garage), he’s the TYPE 2, kind of knowledgeable. Still living alone basically but I’ve bragged on the “closed loop” system, and they see me brag on my meals (thanks to text messages between brothers).

      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    18. Kristen Clifford

      I’m about 90% certain this question has been asked before.

      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    19. L. E. Moskovitz

      Another concern is my partner does not understand that our brains are fogged or our minds are not complete with a low or a high. I may not be able to get to the sugar or read a lebel or know how much of that it is ncessary. The logic is a bit at a time…not to wolf sugar down. We do not want spike????

      1
      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    20. L. E. Moskovitz

      The pump effects/affects management things too!!!

      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    21. Jeff Balbirnie

      The most fundamental aspects they grasp. The nuances, subtleties they are not aware because they are not type 1s themselves. The rote basics are sufficient to concern them enough. More will terrify them, with good cause ime

      1
      3 years ago Log in to Reply
    22. T1D4LongTime

      My immediate family is very small(no siblings) so they know enough to assist with highs and lows.

      3 years ago Log in to Reply

    How much do you think your immediate family members know about T1D? Select all of the statements that you think are true for you. Cancel reply

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